An epidemic curve or (epi curve) as it is often referred to in Epidemiology, is a bar graph that shows the progression of illnesses in an outbreak over time. The Epi Curve relies on the onset of first symptoms to determine when persons become infected with an illness. During ongoing outbreak investigations, the epi curve is updated as new data becomes available.

Studies of the epidemic curves generated by the COVID-19 pandemic reveal that it is a propagated source epidemic.A propagated source epidemic, generates an epi curve which shows that the spread of the disease, may be transmitted from human to human, one incubation period apart. This means, the infection begins with a single index case then continues to infect other individuals in a similar manner. This produces a wave of infection. A wave is characterized by steady increases in the number of infected cases which culminates in a peak and is generally followed by a gradual decrease in the number of infections as the susceptible population is reduced.

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